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The Complete ATF A&D Book Compliance Guide for Federal Firearms Licensees

Your Acquisition & Disposition (A&D) Book is more than a log — it’s your first line of defense during an ATF inspection. Errors in this book are among the top five most common violations cited by the ATF each year. Maintaining a precise, timely, and compliant A&D record is non-negotiable for all FFLs.

A&D Book

What Is an A&D Book?

An Acquisition and Disposition Book—often called an A&D Book—is the legally mandated record every Federal Firearms Licensee (FFL) must maintain to track the life cycle of each firearm acquired and sold, transferred, or otherwise disposed of. This record serves as the primary audit trail during ATF compliance inspections, connecting the firearm’s manufacturer, importer, and acquisition source to its final disposition.

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ATF Requirements & Legal Framework

ATF Requirements & Legal Framework

Common Violations & Avoidance

Paper vs. Electronic Systems

ATF Inspection Preparation

Niche / Long-Tail Search Capture

27 CFR Part 478

27 CFR Part 478

For Federal Firearms Licensees (FFLs), the rules that govern your Acquisition & Disposition (A&D) Book aren’t arbitrary — they come directly...

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Key rules for A&D Book compliance

What Is an ATF Acquisition & Disposition Book?

An ATF A&D Book is the official record required for tracking the receipt (acquisition) and transfer (disposition) of every firearm handled by a Federal Firearms Licensee.
Each record entry must contain:

Date of acquisition

Name and address or FFL number of the source

Manufacturer and importer (if applicable)

Model, serial number, type, and caliber/gauge

Date of disposition

Name and address or FFL number of the recipient

Failure to maintain complete and timely records is one of the most common causes of ATF inspection violations.

Key rules for A&D Book compliance

Federal Requirements Under 27 CFR Part 478

Timelines for Entries:

Acquisition: Logged no later than the close of the next business day after receipt.

Dispositions: Recorded no later than 7 days after the transfer (or immediately in certain scenarios).

Format:

Paper-bound book or ATF-approved electronic system.

Readily accessible for inspection; legible and permanent.

Retention:

Maintain for the duration of the license; submit to ATF Out-of-Business Records Center when discontinuing.

Types of A&D Records

Paper vs. Electronic A&D Books

Paper Bound Book vs Electronic A&D Book (high-level comparison):

Paper Bound Book:

Traditional, bound-paper format.

Low initial cost.

Higher error rates and risk of lost/damaged books.

Cumbersome during audits.

Electronic A&D Book:

Must meet ATF Ruling 2016-1 requirements.

Allow for faster searches, audit prep, and reporting.

Reduce transcription errors and improve accuracy.

Enable integration with POS and eCommerce systems for real-time updates.

ATF Inspection Triggers and Common Violations

Common A&D Book Violations Found During ATF Inspections

Top violations found in A&D records include:

Late or missing entries for acquisitions or dispositions

Incorrect serial numbers or firearm descriptions

Failure to log manufacturer/importer information

Improper abbreviations not recognized by the ATF

Using unapproved software for electronic recordkeeping

ATF inspections can be routine or triggered by:

Crime gun traces linked to your business.

Significant compliance violations during past inspections.

Complaints or whistleblower tips.

Electronic A&D Book Requirements

ATF Ruling 2016-1 and Electronic Recordkeeping Standards

A compliant electronic system must:

Capture all required fields in specified format.

Allow search/sort by serial number, acquisition date, disposition date.

Produce printable, ATF-readable reports.

Maintain a permanent edit audit trail.

Enforce secure access and backup procedures.

Failure to comply with these technical standards can result in the ATF revoking approval to use the electronic system.

Inspection Preparation

How to Prepare for an ATF Compliance Inspection

Audit your A&D Book quarterly

Ensure timely and accurate entries

Cross-check all 4473 forms

Have ATF contact information and procedures ready

Know how to produce records quickly in paper and electronic formats

Best Practices for Accurate and Compliant Recordkeeping

Verify firearm details at intake before logging

Enter acquisitions immediately

Use ATF-approved abbreviations

Perform monthly self-audits & reconcile with 4473 forms

Restrict A&D access to authorized personnel

Train staff annually

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I keep multiple A&D Books for different firearm types?

Yes, if complete & compliant

What happens if my A&D Book is lost or damaged?

Report it to the ATF immediately and reconstruct from acquisition/disposition records.

Can I store my A&D Book offsite?

Only if it remains readily available for ATF inspection.

Myths and Misconceptions About A&D Books

Myth: POS system automatically covers A&D requirements.

Reality: POS system automatically covers A&D requirements.

Myth: Corrections can be made silently.

Reality: All edits must be visible in audit trail.

Myth: ATF only inspects every few years.

Reality: Inspections can be annual or more frequent.

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