Download or Read Below In this issue: – Article: A Look Into the History of the ATF Working Groups on Importation of Firearms – Webinar: The Executive’s Guide for Managing Anti-Bribery – Alert: ATF Publishes Updated Firearms Manufacturers and Export Report – Download: Three best-practice whitepapers A Look Into the History of the ATF Working Groups on Importation of Firearms If you’re an importer of firearms, frames and receivers, barrels, or ammunition, there’s an additional set of laws and regulations governing your business activities. You need an ATF FFL to be an importer. You may need a U.S. Munitions Import registration. If your activities fall within the scope of the National Firearms Act, you need still another registration. And somewhere along the way, you are likely to become familiar with ATF Form 5330.5, the “Application and Permit for Importation of Firearms, Ammunition and Implements of War.” With all this paperwork, how do you learn about the history of the ATF decision-making process on the importation of handguns, semiautomatic rifles and shotguns? There are three major studies published by the ATF from their “Firearms Evaluation Panels.” The authority for the panels is anchored to the 1968 Gun Control Act, specifically 18 U.S.C. §925(d)(3). And panels released reports in 1989, 1998 and 2011. Any work done by the 1968 panel reflected that imports of rifles and shotguns at that time were “conventional” and “specifically intended for sporting purposes.” What survives primarily is a two-page memo to the file with the minutes of the one-day meeting. The original panel recommended the adoption of “factoring criteria” to evaluate handguns. The ATF subsequently developed an evaluation sheet that is known as ATF Form 4590, against which the ATF continues to run a proposed import through a list of prerequisites and then scores pistols and revolvers for individual characteristics. By contrast, the 1989 panel originated after two denials of import requests by the ATF, specifically the Striker-12 shotgun and the USAS-12 shotgun. The first working group was thus convened in 1989 to determine whether the semiautomatic rifles in question were generally semiautomatic versions of military assault rifles. Their findings identified certain characteristics or features that distinguished the rifles requested for import from those used for the traditional sports of hunting and organized marksmanship competitions. The panel confirmed the denials of import permit requests. The 1998 panel was put together after a 1997 order of the President to inquire whether certain rifles being requested to import were modified versions of the rifles denied import in 1989. The 1998 panel emphasized the language from the Gun Control Act, identifying the standard as whether a firearm was “generally recognized as particularly suitable for or readily adaptable to sporting purposes.” Unlike the 1989 panel, which included industry representatives, the 1998 panel consisted of ATF and Department of Treasury representatives. All three panels used a similar methodology, collecting materials from “outside sources,” including licensed hunting guides, state game and fish commissions, local hunting associations, competitive shooting groups, and hunting/shooting magazine editors. The panels used a combination of questionnaires, comments, and even advertising. Of particular note among the data reviewed, the 1989 panel found the recommendations of editors to be “contradictory.” It recounted one editor’s opinion that the features making the rifle successful as a military firearm made it “totally unfit” for any other use. Another editor pointed out the specific advantages of the rifle over other sporting rifles, especially for the physically disabled and for left-handed shooters. What does this discussion start to sound like? Precisely the various allegations were going back and forth between plaintiffs and state governments over 2013-enacted legislation in CT, NY, and MD. Even as we traverse the history of the ATF working panels on firearms imports dating back to the late 1980s, we are simultaneously connecting to on-going debates some 35 years later. What appears to be missing from the dialogue is that no product sits still. Whether a company is manufacturing firearms in the U.S. or abroad, whether the product is a firearm or an armchair, and whether the product is the first or the fifteenth version, all manufacturing responds to a combination of consumer demand, design engineers, available materials, and so forth. Products have an evolution and also a life cycle. They go through fads. They enter obsolescence. Products considered in a capitalism framework can change for reasons that have little to do with politics. This history of firearms importation can be replicated in the history of cars at the National Traffic Safety Commission, factory equipment at the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, or pharmaceuticals at the Food & Drug Administration. In the global economy, every product area connects to consumers, businesses, and government. And yes, even with respect to the product of firearms, the record of the Senate in 1968 reveals a concern that the Secretary of the Treasury would end up “unusually broad discretion” and would “…differ with the judgment of sportsmen expressed through consumer preference in the marketplace…” The legislative history of the statutory provision that gave rise to the ATF panels shows the insight of legislators that both the forces of capitalism and the forces of politics were about to collide. Orchid Advisors provides electronic newsletter (“Advisory and Alert”) and blogs for general informational purposes only. It should not be considered a formal or informal interpretation of law. It is not intended as professional counsel, should not be considered legal advice and should not be used as such.
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